Thomas More and Utopia
Utopia is a narrative work of Thomas More's political fantasies, written in Latin. The original title is a golden book that is as informative as it is delightful about society's best political system and about a utopian new island. Published in 1516, the text takes the form of a fictional character, Hislodaeus, talking to his mother about various imaginary countries he had seen and heard in the New World, especially Utopia. The first volume mainly criticized European society at the time, and the second volume describes utopia, an ideal society.
Upright official
More was born into an English family, the son of a lawyer. He went to Oxford University, where he studied Greek and the humanities, and at his father's recommendation, he studied law. He subsequently became a lawyer at the age of 23 and a member of the House of Representatives at the age of 27. However, he earned the king's hatred for insisting that Henry VII's claim to Parliament should cut the princess' wedding expenses, and forfeited his parliamentary seat. After retiring from politics, More, who was immersed in academic research while using as a lawyer, became the center of foreign politics outside of British politics, being appointed as the vice mayor of London, speaker of the House of Commons, and justice of the Supreme Court when Henry VIII ascended the throne.
In 1530, Henry VIII divorced Queen Catherine and tried to marry a court lady, but when the Vatican refused to recognize it, he broke with the Catholic Church and established the Anglican Church to carry out the Reformation. More objected to this and was eventually charged with treason, imprisoned in the Tower of London, and executed in 1535.
At that time, European society did not give proper education to women. However, he taught his wife Latin and music and paid much attention to the education of his daughters. He also lived a frugal life and took care of the poor while managing a lot of wealth.
Utopia
The word utopia is a combination of the Greek words meaning 'not there' and the Greek word meaning place, and contains the meaning of a utopia that does not exist in reality. However, while utopia is an unrealizable world, it does not mean that it can never be realized or discovered.
Utopia, written by More in 1515 as a diplomatic mission, contains the following contents.
In the first volume, through Hislodaeus, he criticized the British Include movement at the time, criticized the greed for acquiring private property, and capitalistic commercial activities, taking the Catholic patriarchal monarchy as an ideal. Due to the enclosure policy, farmers left their hometowns and wandered around, and the shrinking farmland led to skyrocketing grain prices. On the other hand, the prosperous wool industry accumulated enormous wealth, and through this, when a country gave up agriculture, which was essential for survival, and turned to trade-oriented commerce and industry, who was responsible for the fault and who suffered greatly.
Volume 2 describes in detail the cities of the island utopia, comprising 54 towns of the same size and with the same customs, the civil service system, occupations, travel and trade, slavery and customs, war, and religion. Utopians do not own private property, and all able bodied people alternate between villages and cities every two years. Both men and women work only 6 hours a day, and they mainly receive education in their free time, but since no one leads a life without work, they can live a good life with this amount of working time. Whether they are utopias, they equally distribute and use jointly produced items, and make and wear the same clothes themselves.